METHAMPHETAMINE AND AMPHETAMINE
Classification: CNS Stimulant, Sympathomimetic Amines
Background: Methamphetamine and amphetamine belong to a group of structurally related drugs called sympathomimetic amines (SMAs) that are central nervous system stimulants. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 and has been used clinically since 1935. Methamphetamine was first synthesized in 1919 and has been used clinically since 1930. Both amphetamine and methamphetamine exist as two enantiomeric forms (optical isomers) each: d and l. The d-enantiomer has considerably more CNS stimulant activity compared to the l-enantiomer. The l-enantiomer has decongestant properties and is a component of Vick’s Inhaler. Both methamphetamine and amphetamine are Schedule II controlled substances and have high abuse, dependence and addiction potential.
Prescribed Use: Treatment of ADHD, morbid obesity and narcolepsy
Prescribed as: Desoxyephedrine, Desoxyn, Methedrine
Mode(s) of Use: Can be taken orally, snorted, smoked or injected
Metabolism: Methamphetamine is metabolized to amphetamine and both are excreted in the urine.
Detection Time in Urine: 1–5 days
The elimination of methamphetamine is pH dependent; alkaline urine (increased pH) results in reduced excretion rate and acidic urine (decreased pH) increases elimination rate.
Detection Time in Oral Fluid: 1–3 days
Prescribed Use: Treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Prescribed as: Dexedrine, Benzedrine, Adderall, Vyvanse, Amphetamine Salts, Dextroamphetamine
Mode(s) of Use: Can be taken orally, snorted, smoked or injected
Detection Time in Urine: 1–5 days
The elimination of amphetamine is pH dependent; alkaline urine (increased pH) results in reduced excretion rate and acidic urine (decreased pH) increases elimination rate.
Detection Time in Oral Fluid: 1–3 days
The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be used as medical or legal advice. Detection times are approximate and may be influenced by a number of factors, including BMI, duration of drug use, dosage and interindividual metabolic differences. For specific drug testing result interpretation questions, please contact us.