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Drug Information Library

chemical structure of ethyl glucuronide

Alcohol

Alcohol (also called ethyl alcohol or ethanol) is one of the most widely abused substances. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are minor ethanol metabolites produced by the liver and direct biomarkers of ethanol exposure.

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chemical structure of cathinone or bath salts

Bath Salts

Synthetic stimulants commonly known as bath salts are designed to produce effects similar to amphetamines, ecstasy and cocaine.

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chemical structure of cocaine

Cocaine

Cocaine is a naturally-occurring anesthetic with vaso-constrictive properties and is a potent central nervous system stimulant.

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chemical structure of fentanyl

Fentanyl

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid analgesic developed in the 1960s. Fentanyl acts on the μ-opioid receptor, similar to morphine, but is approximately 80–100 times more potent than morphine and 40–50 times more potent than heroin.

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chemical structure of mitragynine

Kratom

Kratom (mitragyna speciosa) is a tree indigenous to Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. The tree belongs to the same botanical family as the coffee tree.

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chemical structure of xylazine

Medetomidine

Medetomidine is the latest CNS depressant to appear as an adulterant alongside fentanyl in the recreational drug supply.

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chemical structure of methadone

Methadone

Methadone was first synthesized as a morphine substitute in Germany during World War II and was made clinically available in the United States in 1947.

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chemical structure of heroin

Opiates

The term “opiates” refers to codeine and morphine, which occur naturally, and to the semisynthetic compounds hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone and heroin, which are derived from codeine and morphine.

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chemical structure of ethyl glucuronide

Six Facts About Testing for Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG)

Alcohol is one of the most widely abused substances but also one of the most difficult to monitor. Fortunately, two sensitive and specific biomarkers facilitate monitoring alcohol use. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are minor ethanol metabolites produced by the liver.

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chemical structure of xylazine

Xylazine

Xylazine is an FDA-approved veterinary tranquilizer and is not approved for human use. It has entered the U.S. illicit drug supply as an adulterant.

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The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be used as medical or legal advice. Detection times are approximate and may be influenced by a number of factors, including BMI, duration of drug use, dosage and interindividual metabolic differences. For specific drug testing result interpretation questions, please contact us.